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Nutrient deficiency in vitamin B9

 

Proper Name: Folic Acid

Common Name: Vitamin B9

Evidence of Efficacy: statement to the effect of Vitamin B9 deficiency or imbalance plays a role in the symptoms of mood disorders. Observational and experimental studies have shown an association between vitamin B9 and bipolar disorder1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17, depression18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31,3 2,33 ,34 ,35, 36, 37,3 8,39 ,40, 41,4 2,43 ,44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49,5 0,5 1,5 2,53, 54,5 5,56 ,57, 58,5 9, and schizophrenia60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68.

References:

1. Hasanah CI, Khan UA, Musalmah M, Razali SM. Reduced red-cell folate in mania. J Affect Disord 46(2):95-9, 1997.

2. Lipton M et al. Vitamins, megavitamin therapy and the nervous system, in R Wurtman, J

3. Wurtman, Eds. Nutrition and the Brain Vol. 33. New York, Raven Press, 1979:183-264.

4. Kallstrom B et al. Vitamin B12 and folate concentrations in mental patients. Acta Psychiatr Scand 45;137-52, 1969.

5. Hunter R et al. Serum B12 and folate concentration in mental patients. Br J Psychiatry 113:1291-5, 1967.

6. Botez MI et al. Relapsing neuropathy, cerebral atrophy and folate deficiency. A close association. Appl Neurophysiol 42(3):171-83, 1979.

7. Coppen A et al. Depression and tetrahydrobiopterin: The folate connection. J Affect Disord 16(2-3):103-7, 1989.

8. McKeon P, Shelley R, O’Regan S, O’Broin J. Serum and red cell folate and affective morbidity in lithium prophylaxis. Acta Psychiatr Scand 83(3):199-201, 1991.

9. Stern SL, Brandt JT, Harley KS, et al. Serum and red cell folate concentrations in outpatients receiving lithium carbonate. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 3(1):49-52, 1988.

10. Coppen A, Abou-Saleh MT. Plasma folate and affective morbidity during long-term lithium therapy. Br J Psychiatry 141:87-9, 1982.

11. Lee S, Chow CC, Shek CC, et al. Folate concentration in Chinese psychiatric outpatients on long-term lithium treatment. J Affect Disord 24(4):265-709, 1992.

12. Stern SL, Brandt JT, Harley KS, et al. Serum and red cell folate concentrations in outpatients receiving lithium carbonate. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 3(1):49-52, 1988.

13. Prakash R et al. A case report of megaloblastic anemia secondary to lithium. Am J Psychiatry 138:849, 1981.

14. Lee S, Chow CC, Shek CC, et al. Folate concentration in Chinese psychiatric outpatients on long-term lithium treatment. J Affect Disord 24(4):265-70, 1992.

15. Coppen A, Abou-Saleh MT. Plasma folate and affective morbidity during long-term lithium therapy. Br J Psychiatry 141:87-9, 1982.

16. Coppen A, Chaudhry S, Swade C. Folid acid enhances lithium prophylaxis. J Affect Disord 10(1):9-13, 1986.

17. Coppen A, Abou-Saleh MT. Plasma folate and affective morbidity during long-term lithium therapy. Br J Psychiatry 141:87-9. 1982.

18. Alpert JE, Fava M. Nutrition and depression: the role of folate. Nutr Rev 55(5):145-9, 1997.

19. Ortega TM, Andres P, Lopez-Sobaler A, et al. [The role of folates in the diverse biochemical processes that control mental function]. Nutr Hosp 9(4):251-6, 1994.

20. Heseker H, Kubler W, Prudel V, Westenhoffer J. Psychological disorders as early symptoms of a mild-moderate vitamin deficiency. Ann N Y Acad Sci 669:352-7, 1992.

21. Shorvon SD, Carney MWP, Chanarin I, Reynolds EH. The neuropsychiatry of megaloblastic anaemia. Br Med J 281:1036-42, 1980.

22. Howard JS. Folate deficiency in psychiatric practice. Psychosomatics 16:112-15, 1975.

23. Alpert JE, Fava M. Nutrition and depression: the role of folate. Nutr Rev 55(5):145-9, 1997.

24. Crellin R, Bottiglierei T, Reynolds EH. Folates and psychiatric disorders. Clinical potential. Drugs 45(5):623-36, 1993.

25. Levitt AJ, Joffe RT. Folate, B12 and thyroid function in depression. Biol Psychiatry 33(1):52-3, 1993.

26. Wolfersdorf M, Maier V, Froscher W, et al. [Folic acid deficiency in patients hospitalized with depression? A pilot study of clinical relevance]. Nervenarzt 64(4):269-72, 1993.

27. Bell IR et al. Complex vitamin patterns in geriatric and young adult inpatients with major depression. J Am Geriatr Soc 39(3):252-7, 1991.

28. Carney MW, Chary TK, Laundy M, et al. Red cell folate concentrations in psychiatric patients. J Affect Disord 19(3):207-13, 1990.

29. Godfrey PS, Toone BK, Carney MW, et al. Enhancement of recovery from psychiatric illness by methylfolate. Lancet 336:392-5, 1990.

30. Bell IR et al. Vitamin B12 and folate status in acute geropsychiatric inpatients: Affective and cognitive characteristics of a vitamin nondeficient population. Biol Psychiatry 27(2):125-37, 1990.

31. Abou-Saleh MT, Coppen A. Serum and red blood cell folate in depression. Acta Psychiatr Scand 80(1):78-82, 1989.

32. Knapp S, Irwin M. Plasma levels of tetrahydrobiopterin and folate in major depression. Biol Psychiatry 26(2):156-62, 1989.

33. Levitt AJ, Joffe RT. Folate, B12, and life course of depressive illness. Biol Psychiatry 25(7):867-72, 1989.

34. Abou-Saleh MT, Coppen A. The biology of folate in depression: Implications for nutritional hypotheses of the psychoses. J Psychiatr Res 20(2):91-101, 1986.

35. Reynolds EH, Carney MWP, Toone BK. Methylation and mood. Lancet ii: 196-8, 1984.

36. Merry J et al. Alcoholism, depression and plasma folate. Letter. Br J Psychiatry 141:103-4, 1982.

37. Ghadirian AM, et al. Folic acid deficiency and depression. Psychosomatics 21(11):926-9, 1980.

38. Trimble MR. Folic acid and mental symptoms in children with epilepsy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 43(11):1030-4, 1980.

39. Reynolds EH, Preece JM, Bailey J, Coppen A. Folate deficiency in depressive illness. Br J Psychiatry 117:287-92, 1970.

40. Carney MEP. Serum folate values in 423 psychiatric patients. Br Med J iv:512-16, 1967.

41. Young SN, Ghardirian AM. Folic acid and psychopathology. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 13(6):841-63, 1989.

42. Bottiglieri T et al. Enhancement of recovery from psychiatric illness by methylfolate. Letter. Lancet 336:1579-80, 1990.

43. Reynolds EH, Carney MWP, Toone BK. Methylation and mood. Lancet ii:196-8, 1984.

44. Coleman N. Laboratory assessment of folate status. Clin Lab Med 12:775-96, 1981.

45. Lietha R, Zimmermann M. Neuropsychiatric disorders associated with functional folate deficiency in the presence of elevated serum and erythrocyte folate: a preliminary report. J Nutr Med 4:441-7, 1994.

46. Fava M. Borus JS, Alpert JE, et al. Folate, vitamin B12, and homosysteine in major depressive disorder. Am J Psychiatry 154(3):426-8, 1997.

47. Arinami T, Yamada N, Yamakawa-Kobayashi K, et al. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase variant and schizophrenia/depression. Am J Med Genet 74(5):526-8, 1997.

48. Crellin R, Bottiglierei T, Reynolds EH. Folates and psychiatric disorders. Clinical potential. Drugs 45(5):623-36, 1993.

49. Passeri M, Cucinotta D, Abate G, et al. Oral 5’-methyletrahydrofolic acid in senile organic mental disorders with depression: results of a double-blind multicenter study. Aging (Milano) 5(1):63-71, 1993.

50. Heseker H, Kubler W, Pudel V, Westenhoffer J. Psychological disorders as early symptoms of a mild-moderate vitamin deficiency. Ann N Y Acad Sci 669:352-7, 1992.

51. Procter A. Enhancement of recovery from psychiatric illness by methylfolate. Br J Psychiatry 159:271-2, 1991.

52. Godfrey PS, Toone BK, Carney MW, et al. Enhancement of recovery from psychiatric illness by methylfolate. Lancet 336:392-5, 1990.

53. Coppen A. Folic acid enhances lithium prophylaxis. J Affect Disord 10:9-13, 1986.

54. Botez MI, Young SN, Bachevalier J, Gauthier S. Effect of folic acid and vitamin B12 deficiences on 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in human cerebrospinal fluid. Ann Neurol 12(5):479-84, 1982.

55. Shorvon SD, Carney MWP, Chanarin I, Reynolds EH. The neuropsychiatry of megaloblastic anaemia. Br Med  281:1036-42, 1980.

56. Botez MI, Botez T, Leveille J, et al. Neuropsychological correlates of folic acid deficiency: Facts and hypotheses, in MI Botez, EH Reynolds, Eds. Folic Acid in Neurology, Psychiatry, and Internal Medicine. New York, Raven Press, 1979:435-61.

57. Carney MWP. Psychiatric aspect of folate deficiency, in MI Botez, EH Reynolds, Eds. Folic Acid in Neurology, Psychiatry and Internal Medicine. New York, Raven Press, 1979.

58. Botez MI, Cadotte M, Beaulieu R, et al. Neurologic disorders responsive to folic acid therapy. J Can Med Assoc 115-217-22. 1976.

59. Carney MWP, Sheffield BF. Associations of subnormal serum folate and vitamin B12 and effects of replacement therapy. J Nerv Ment Dis 150:404-12, 1970.

60. Ramchand CN, Ramchand R, Hemmings GP. RBC and serum folate concentrations in neuroleptic-treated and neuroleptic-free schizophrenic patients. J Nutr Med 3:303-9, 1992.

61. Carney MEP, Chary TKN, Laundy M, et al. Red cell folate concentrations in psychiatric patients. J Affect Dis 19:207-13, 1990.

62. Godfrey PS, Toone BK, Carney MW, et al. Enhancement of recovery from psychiatric illness by methylfolate. Lancet 336:392-5, 1990.

63. Carney MWP. Serum folate values in 423 psychiatric patients. Br Med J 4:512-16, 1967.

64. Pfeiffer CC, Braverman ER. Folic acid and vitamin B12 therapy for the low-histamine, high-copper biotype of schizophrenia, in MI Botez, EN Reynolds, Eds. Folic Acid in Neurology, Psychiatry, and Internal Medicine. New York, Raven Press, 1979:483-7.

65. Procter A. Enhancement of recovery from psychiatric illness by methylfolate. Br J Psychiatry 159:271-2, 1991.

66. Godfrey PS, Toone BK, Carney MW, et al. Enhancement of recovery from psychiatric illness by methylfolate. Lancet 336:392-5, 1990.

67. Donnelly S, Callaghan N. Subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord due to folate deficiency in association with a psychotic illness. Ir Med J 83(2):73-4, 1990.

68. Carney MWP, Sheffield BF. Associations of subnormal serum folate and vitamin B12 and effects of replacement therapy. J Nerv Ment Dis 150:404-12, 1970.  








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