Proper Name: Vanadium

Common Name: Vanadium

Evidence of Efficacy: statement to the effect of Vanadium deficiency or imbalance may play a role in the symptoms of mood disorders. Observational and experimental studies have shown an association between vanadium and bipolar disorder^{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16}, and depression^8,17,18,19.         

References:

1. Dick DA, Naylor GJ, Dick EG. Plasma vanadium concentration in manic-depressive illness. Psychol Med 12(3):533-7, 1982

2. Naylor GJ, Smith AH, Bryce-Smith D, Ward NI. Tissue vanadium levels in manic-depressive psychosis. Psychol Med 14(4):767-72, 1984

3. Naylor GJ, Smith AH, Bryce-Smith D, Ward NI. Elevated vanadium content of hair and mania. Biol Psychiatry 19(5):759-64, 1984

4. Dick DA et al. Plasma vanadium concentrations in manic-depressive illness. J Physiol 310:27, 1981

5. Witkowska D, Brzezinki, J. Alteration of brain noradrenaline, dopamine and 5-hydroxy-trytamine levels during vanadium poisoning. Pol J Pharacol Pharm 31:393-8, 1979

6. El-Mallakh RS. The Na, K-ATPase hypothesis for manic-depression. I. General considerations. Med Hypotheses 12(3):253-68, 1983

7. Cantley LC et al. Vanadate is a potent (Na, K)-ATPase inhibitor found in ATP derived from muscle. J Biol Chem 252:7421-3, 1977)

8. Vanadium, vitamin C and depression. Nutr Rev 40(10):293-5, 1981

9. Dick DA et al. Plasma vanadium concentrations in manic-depressive illness. J Physiol 310:27, 1981

10. Naylor GJ, Smith AHW. Defective genetic control of sodium-pump density in manic-depressive psychosis. Psychol Med 11:257-63, 1981

11. Naylor GJ, Dick DA, Johnston BB, et al. Possible explanation for therapeutic action of lithium, and a possible substitute (methylene-blue). Letter. Lancet ii:1175-6, 1981

12. Naylor GJ, Smith AHW. Defective genetic control of sodium-pump density in manic-depressive psychosis. Psychol Med 11:257-63, 1981

13. Campbell CA, Peet M, Ward NI. Vanadium and other trace elements in patients taking lithium. Biol Psychiatry 24(7):775-81, 1988

14. Naylor GJ. Reversal of vanadate-induced inhibition of Na-K, ATPase. A possible explanation of the therapeutic effect of carbamazepine in affective illness. J Affect Disord 8(1):91-3, 1985

15. Naylor GJ, Smith AHW. Defective genetic control of sodium-pump density in manic-depressive psychosis. Psychol Med 11:257-63, 1981

16. Naylor GJ, Smith AHW. Vanadium: A possible aetiological factor in manic-depressive illness. Psychol Med 11:249-56, 1981

17. Witkowska D, Brzezinski, J. Alteration of brain noradrenaline, dopamine and 5-hydroxy-tryptamine levels during vanadium poisoning. Pol J Pharmacol Pharm 31:393-8, 1979

18. Naylor GJ, Corrigan FM, Smith AH, et al. Further studies of vanadium in depressive psychosis. Br J Psychiatry 150:656-61, 1987