Proper Name: Nickel

Common Name: Nickel

Evidence of Efficacy: statement to the effect of Nickel deficiency or imbalance may play a role in the symptoms of mood disorders. Observational and experimental studies have shown nickel to be associated with critical brain function^{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10}.

References:

1. King MM, Huang CY.; Activation of calcineurin by nickel ions. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1983 Aug 12;114(3):955-61.
2. Raos N, Kasprzak KS.; Allosteric binding of nickel(II) to calmodulin. Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1989 Nov;13(4):816-22.
3. Lian, Q., C. J. Ladner, et al.; Selective changes of calcineurin (protein phosphatase 2B) activity in Alzheimer's disease cerebral cortex. Exp Neurol 167(1): 158-65. 2001.
4. Mukai H, Ito A, Kishima K, Kuno T, Tanaka C.; Calmodulin antagonists differentiate between Ni(2+)- and Mn(2+)-stimulated phosphatase activity of calcineurin. J Biochem (Tokyo). 1991 Sep;110(3):402-6.
5. Tokoyoda K, Takemoto Y, Nakayama T, Arai T, Kubo M.; Synergism between the calmodulin-binding and autoinhibitory domains on calcineurin is essential for the induction of their phosphatase activity. J Biol Chem. 2000 Apr 21;275(16):11728-34.
6. Pallen CJ, Wang JH.; Stoichiometry and dynamic interaction of metal ion activators with calcineurin phosphatase. J Biol Chem. 1986 Dec 5;261(34):16115-20.
7. Matsui H, Pallen CJ, Adachi AM, Wang JH, Lam PH.; Demonstration of different metal ion-induced calcineurin conformations using a monoclonal antibody. J Biol Chem. 1985 Apr 10;260(7):4174-9.
8. Chemin J, Nargeot J, Lory P.; Neuronal T-type alpha 1H calcium channels induce neuritogenesis and expression of high-voltage-activated calcium channels in the NG108-15 cell line. J Neurosci. 2002 Aug 15;22(16):6856-62.
9. Mancinella A.; Nickel, an essential trace element. Metabolic, clinical and therapeutic
Considerations. Clin Ter. 1991 Aug 15-31;138(3-4):159-65.
10. Pallen CJ, Wang JH.; Regulation of calcineurin by metal ions. Mechanism of activation by Ni2+ and an enhanced response to Ca2+/calmodulin. J Biol Chem. 1984 May 25;259(10):6134-41.