Proper Name: Iodine

Common Name: Iodine

Evidence of Efficacy: statement to the effect of Iodine deficiency or imbalance plays a role in the symptoms of mood disorders^1,2. Observational and experimental studies have shown an association between iodine and aggression³, anxiety⁴, bipolar disorder^5,6,7, depression^8,9, and schizphrenia^10,11.

References:

1. Benvenga S, Lapa D, Trimarchi F. Don't forget the thyroid in the etiology of psychoses.
Am J Med. 2003 Aug 1; 115(2): 159-60.
2. Yang SJ, Wang SY, Chen CC. Acute psychotic state due to hyperthyroidism following excision of a mandible bone tumor: a case report. Kaohsiung J Med Sci. 2003 Jan; 19(1): 29-32.
PMID: 12693723 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
3. Stalenheim EG. Long-term validity of biological markers of psychopathy and criminal recidivism: follow-up 6-8 years after forensic psychiatric investigation. Psychiatry Res. 2004 Jan 1; 121(3): 281-91.
4. Lee IT, Sheu WH, Liau YJ, Lin SY, Lee WJ, Lin CC. Relationship of stressful life events, anxiety and depression to hyperthyroidism in an asian population. Horm Res. 2003; 60(5): 247-51.
5. Bauer M, London ED, Silverman DH, Rasgon N, Kirchheiner J, Whybrow PC. Thyroid, brain and mood modulation in affective disorder: insights from molecular research and functional brain imaging. Pharmacopsychiatry. 2003 Dec; 36 Suppl 3: 215-21.
6. Arnold LM. Gender differences in bipolar disorder. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2003 Sep; 26(3): 595-620.
7. Davis JD, Stern RA, Flashman LA. Cognitive and neuropsychiatric aspects of subclinical hypothyroidism: significance in the elderly. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2003 Oct; 5(5): 384-90.
8. Maes M, Van de Vyvere J, Vandoolaeghe E, Bril T, Demedts P, Wauters A, Neels
H. Alterations in iron metabolism and the erythron in major depression: further evidence for a chronic inflammatory process. J Affect Disord. 1996 Sep 9;40(1-2):23-33.
9. Patterson AJ, Brown WJ, Roberts DC. Dietary and supplement treatment of iron deficiency results in improvements in general health and fatigue in Australian women of childbearing age. J Am Coll Nutr. 2001 Aug;20(4):337-42.
10. Kuloglu M, Atmaca M, Ustundag B, Canatan H, Gecici O, Tezcan E. Serum iron levels in schizophrenic patients with or without akathisia. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2003 Mar;13(2):67-71.
11. Kimura A, Yoshino H, Yuasa T. A case of cerebellar degeneration with schizophrenia-like psychosis, severe iron deficiency, hypoceruloplasminemia and abnormal electroretinography: a new syndrome? Rinsho Shinkeigaku. 2001 Aug;41(8):507-11.