|
Proper Name:
Copper
Common Name:
Copper
Evidence of Efficacy: statement to the effect of
Copper deficiency or imbalance plays a role in the
symptoms of mood disorders. Observational and
experimental studies have shown an association between
copper and ADHD1,2,3, depression4,5,6,
premenstrual syndrome7, and schizophrenia8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20.
References:
1.
Kozielec T, Starobrat-Hermelin B, Kotkowiak L.
[Deficiency of certain trace elements in children with
hyperactivity.] Psychiatr Pol 28(3):345-53, 1994.
2.
Brenner A. Trace mineral levels in hyperactive children
responding to the Feingold diet. J Pediatr 94
(60):944-5, 1979.
3.
Pfeiffer CC, Mailloux R. Excess copper as a factor in
human diseases. J Orthomol Med 2(3):171-82, 1987.
4.
Hansen Cr Jr et al. Copper and zinc deficiencies in
association with depression and neurological findings.
Biol Psychiatry 18(3):395-401, 1983.
5.
Narang RL, Gupta KR, Narang AP, Singh R. Levels of
copper and zinc in depression. Indian J Physiol
Pharmacol 35(4):272-4, 1991.
6.
Ali SA et al. Blood levels of vanadium, caesium, and
other elements in depressive patients. J Affect
Disord 9:187-91, 1985.
7.
Choung C, Dawson E. Zinc and copper levels in
premenstrual syndrome. Fert Steril 62:313-20,
1994.
8.
Kornhuber J, Lange KW, Kruzik P, et al. Iron, copper,
zinc, magnesium, and calcium in postmortem brain tissue
from schizophrenic patients. Biol Psychiatry
36(1):31-4, 1994.
9.
Shore D et al. CSF copper concentrations in chronic
schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 140(6):754-7,
1983.
10. Tyrer SP et al. CSF copper in schizophrenia. Am J
Psychiatry 136(7):937-9, 1979.
11. Gillin JC et al. Zinc and copper in patients with
schizophrenia. Encephale 8(3):435-44, 1982.
12. Olatunbosun DA at al. Serum copper in schizophrenia
in Nigerians. Br J Psychiatry 127:119-21, 1975.
13. Pfeiffer CC, Illiev V. A study of zinc deficiency
and copper excess in the schizophrenias. Int
Rev Biol Suppl 1, 1972.
14. Heilmeyer L, Keiderling W, Struve C. Kupfer and
eisen als. Korpereigene Wirkstoffe und Ihre Bedeutung
Beim Krankheitgeschehen. Fischer, Jena, Germany,
1941.
15. Pfeiffer CC, LaMola S. Zinc and manganese in the
schizophrenias. J Orthomol Psychiatry 12:215-34,
1983.
16. Bowman MB, Lewis MS. The copper hypothesis of
schizophrenia: a review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev
6:321-8, 1982.
17. Gillin JC et al. Zinc and copper in patients with
schizophrenia. Encephale 8(3):435-44, 1982.
18. Mattke JD, Adler M. Mode of action of
D-penicillamine in chronic schizophrenia. Dis Nerv
Sys 32:388, 1971.
19. Affleck JW et al., Penicillamine and schizophrenia –
A clinical trial. Br J Psychiatry 115:173, 1969.
20. Nicholson GA et al. Effect of D-penicillamine on
schizophrenic patients. Lancet i:344, 1966.
|
Search
Norge 
